Carmine Shiner
(Notropis percobromus)
Taxonomy
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Actinopterygii
Order Cypriniormes
Family Cyprinidae
Genus Notropis
Species percobromus*
*Formerly Notropis rubellus, rosyface shiner, which was divided into four different species based on geographic distribution.
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Actinopterygii
Order Cypriniormes
Family Cyprinidae
Genus Notropis
Species percobromus*
*Formerly Notropis rubellus, rosyface shiner, which was divided into four different species based on geographic distribution.
Identifying Characteristics
Notropis percobromus has a slightly laterally compressed body, about 55-60mm in length with round lateral line scales. They have a slightly upturned terminal mouth and a sharply pointed snout. Their backs are dark olive in color with silver sides and a cream colored underside. When males are breeding they develop a red/orange color over most of their body. The most intense colors are found on the head, behind the opercles and on the underside. Breeding females look very similar to the males but their colors are less intense. Notropis percobromus is often confused with Notropis antherinoides, the Emerald Shiner. N. percobromus has 9-11 anal rays while N. antherinoides can have up to 12 anal rays. N. antherinoides also has a more compressed body and blunter snout.
Notropis percobromus has a slightly laterally compressed body, about 55-60mm in length with round lateral line scales. They have a slightly upturned terminal mouth and a sharply pointed snout. Their backs are dark olive in color with silver sides and a cream colored underside. When males are breeding they develop a red/orange color over most of their body. The most intense colors are found on the head, behind the opercles and on the underside. Breeding females look very similar to the males but their colors are less intense. Notropis percobromus is often confused with Notropis antherinoides, the Emerald Shiner. N. percobromus has 9-11 anal rays while N. antherinoides can have up to 12 anal rays. N. antherinoides also has a more compressed body and blunter snout.
Habitat
Notropis percobromus is typically found in large creeks and small rivers with clear, fast moving water. Within these creeks and rivers, they are found in riffles and flowing pools.
Life History
Before and during spawning, N. percobromus form large schools, often containing more than a hundred individuals. Spawning takes place over multiple days in clear, clean-bottomed pools with a temperature around 64°F and upstream from other shiners, chubs, and sunfishes. Once the eggs are released, they sink to the bottom and attach to rocks and other objects. Spawning occurs in Wisconsin and Illinois from May to June and as late as July in Iowa. Carmine shiners live up to 3 years of age.
Notropis percobromus is typically found in large creeks and small rivers with clear, fast moving water. Within these creeks and rivers, they are found in riffles and flowing pools.
Life History
Before and during spawning, N. percobromus form large schools, often containing more than a hundred individuals. Spawning takes place over multiple days in clear, clean-bottomed pools with a temperature around 64°F and upstream from other shiners, chubs, and sunfishes. Once the eggs are released, they sink to the bottom and attach to rocks and other objects. Spawning occurs in Wisconsin and Illinois from May to June and as late as July in Iowa. Carmine shiners live up to 3 years of age.
Geographic Range
Notropis percobromus is found throughout the eastern United States. They have been found as far south as Arkansas and as far west as North and South Dakota. Specifically in Illinois, Notropis percobromus is found north of a line running from the Vermillion River in Vermillion County to Rock Island, roughly the northeastern third of the state.
Notropis percobromus is found throughout the eastern United States. They have been found as far south as Arkansas and as far west as North and South Dakota. Specifically in Illinois, Notropis percobromus is found north of a line running from the Vermillion River in Vermillion County to Rock Island, roughly the northeastern third of the state.
Diet
Notropis percobromus is an omnivorous species that feeds on aquatic insects like caddisfly larvae in addition to algae, diatoms, fish eggs, terrestrial insects and inorganic material.
Notropis percobromus is an omnivorous species that feeds on aquatic insects like caddisfly larvae in addition to algae, diatoms, fish eggs, terrestrial insects and inorganic material.
Conservation Status
According to the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Notropis percobromus is a species of least concern.
According to the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Notropis percobromus is a species of least concern.
Text References
1. Berendzen, P.B., A.M. Simons, R.M. Wood, T.E. Dowling, and D.L. Secor. Recovering cryptic diversity and ancient drainage patters in eastern North America: Historical biogeography of the Notropis rubellus species group. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution: 46:721-737.
2. COSEWIC. Assessment and Update Status Report on the Carmine Shiner in Canada. 2006. http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/CW69-14-466-2006E.pdf.
3. Fisheries and Oceans of Canada. Aquatic Species at Risk- The Carmine Shiner. 2013. http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/species-especes/species-especes/carmine-eng.htm.
4. Fuller, Pam. 2013. Notropis rubellus. U.S. Geological Survey. http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=608
5. Integrated Taxonomic Information System Report, Carmine Shiner. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt.
6. NatureServe 2013. Notropis percobromus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/202316/0.
7. NatureServe Explorer. Notropis percobromus (Cope. 1871). http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Notropis+percobromus.
8. Pfeiffer, R.A. 1955. Studies on the Life History of the Rosyface Shiner, Notropis rubellus. Copeia 2: 95-104.
9. University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute. Rosyface/Carmine Shiner. http://www.seagrant.wisc.edu/home/Default.aspx?tabid=605&FishID=119.
Photo References
1. Berendzen, P.B., A.M. Simons, R.M. Wood, T.E. Dowling, and D.L. Secor. Recovering cryptic diversity and ancient drainage patters in eastern North America: Historical biogeography of the Notropis rubellus species group. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution: 46:721-737.
2. COSEWIC. Assessment and Update Status Report on the Carmine Shiner in Canada. 2006. http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/CW69-14-466-2006E.pdf.
3. Fisheries and Oceans of Canada. Aquatic Species at Risk- The Carmine Shiner. 2013. http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/species-especes/species-especes/carmine-eng.htm.
4. Fuller, Pam. 2013. Notropis rubellus. U.S. Geological Survey. http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=608
5. Integrated Taxonomic Information System Report, Carmine Shiner. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt.
6. NatureServe 2013. Notropis percobromus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/202316/0.
7. NatureServe Explorer. Notropis percobromus (Cope. 1871). http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Notropis+percobromus.
8. Pfeiffer, R.A. 1955. Studies on the Life History of the Rosyface Shiner, Notropis rubellus. Copeia 2: 95-104.
9. University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute. Rosyface/Carmine Shiner. http://www.seagrant.wisc.edu/home/Default.aspx?tabid=605&FishID=119.
Photo References
- http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=608
- http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/species-especes/species-especes/carmine-eng.htm
- http://gallery.nanfa.org/v/members/Uland/Family+Cyprinidae/Notropis/Notropis+percobromus+Carmine+Shiner+3712.JPG.html?g2_imageViewsIndex=2
- http://forum.nanfa.org/index.php/topic/7769-may-30-2009-vermilion-river-illinois/
- http://gallery.nanfa.org/v/members/Uland/Family+Cyprinidae/Notropis/Notropis+rubellus+Rosyface+Shiner+female-2500.jpg.html?g2_imageViewsIndex=2
- Source: http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=608
- http://www.vietfacts.com/Pictures/CaKhongLo/CAkhonglo.htm
- http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/87882/caddisfly